Latest ETC Reports (included in homepage)

The report presents interim 2023 maps for PM10 annual average, PM2.5 annual average, O3 indicator peak season average of maximum daily 8-hour means, and NO2 annual average. The maps have been produced based on the 2023 non-validated E2a (UTD) data of the AQ e-reporting database, the CAMS Ensemble Forecast modelling data and other supplementary data. Together with the concentration maps, the inter-annual differences between 5-year average 2018-2022 and 2023 are presented (using the 2018-2022 regular and the 2023 interim maps), as well as basic exposure estimates based on the interim maps.

The European Green Deal aims to transform the EU into a modern, resource-efficient and competitive economy, putting the EU on the path towards sustainability. Additional investment needs for sustainability transitions in the EU are substantial, particularly in the energy and transport sectors. The transition towards sustainability will also have implications for society. In this context, economic cost-benefit analysis (CBA) is a key tool that evaluates the broader societal net benefits of these transitions, by summing direct and indirect costs and benefits, and supports decision-making to improve societal welfare. This study has three objectives. Firstly, it seeks to provide insight into the application of costs-benefits analysis at EU level for sustainability transitions, with a focus on the mobility system. Evidence from quantitative studies is presented to demonstrate the impacts of policies enabling sustainability transitions and conclusions from these studies. Secondly, given the role CBA of supporting decision-making, the study provides a critical review of the methodologies used for assessing sustainability transitions. Lastly, reflecting on the findings of the study, solutions to overcome the methodological challenges of modelling these transitions are proposed.

The EU Emissions Trading System in numbers