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This paper contributes to making just resilience operational by stocktaking and structuring the knowledge on just resilience in climate adaptation, with a specific focus on providing relevant information towards measuring progress on just resilience in the European context, including the identification of potential indicators.

O3 is considered to be the most damaging common air pollutant for vegetation. The current indicator used to protect vegetation against negative impacts of O3 is the AOT40. Nevertheless, it is widely acknowledged that the impacts of O3 are more closely related to the instantaneous O3 flux or O3 dose absorbed through the stomata than to O3 exposure in the ambient air. For this reason, maps of POD1 (i.e. Phytotoxic Ozone Dose) for tree species of beech and spruce have been prepared using the methodology described in the Manual for modelling and mapping critical loads and levels of the Air Convention (CLRTAP). Subsequently, it can be concluded that the inclusion of POD for selected trees in routine mapping along with the other maps already produced is feasible.

The agricultural sector, and in particular livestock, are the main emitters of ammonia and methane in Europe. While ammonia contributes to the formation of secondary particles, methane is a greenhouse gas, a precursor of ozone and can have an indirect effect on particle concentrations. This study develops methods and provides elements of analysis on ammonia and methane emissions due to livestock farming in Europe: the geographical distribution of these emissions, the main types of farms and activities they originate from, technical measures to mitigate them, their impacts on human health and the environment.