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Monitoring under the Fuel Quality Directive

This reflection paper supports the early scoping of the second European Climate Risk Assessment (EUCRA-2). It builds on the direct experience and lessons learned by the authors, who were part of the core team that developed the first EUCRA (EUCRA-1). The paper was informed by a series of expert discussions between January and May 2025, including an in-person workshop at the EEA in Copenhagen. The document incorporates input from the Joint Research Centre (JRC), ECMWF, and insights from informal consultations by DG CLIMA. Aimed primarily at the EUCRA-2 Steering Group, it explores the policy context, scope, methodology, and potential chapter structure of EUCRA-2, while stressing continuity with EUCRA-1 and alignment with relevant international, EU and national initiatives. Although not a substitute for formal scoping by the EEA, DG CLIMA, and EUCRA-2 project partners, it offers preliminary reflections and suggestions to inform the future process.

The European Air quality index has been updated and now its bands take into consideration the World Health Organization global air quality guidelines, published in 2021. A subindex per pollutant is calculated based on hourly data (including for PM, for which running 24-hours averages were considered before) and on the risk of short-term mortality. The worst pollutant subindex categorizes the index. The health messages linked to the different index categories remain unchanged.